by Liz Walter
It often seems that small, common words cause the most mistakes, and I certainly hear my students making errors with words like since, for and ago. This post therefore looks at some common errors connected with talking about periods of time and explains how to avoid them.
First, let’s look at the difference between since and for. They are both used to say how long something has been happening, but while since is followed by a precise time or a date, for is followed by a length of time:
She has lived here since 2011.
I’ve been waiting since 10 o’clock.
She has lived here for 3 years.
I’ve been waiting for over an hour.
He’s been a teacher since twenty years.
It is also common to follow since with a phrase that describes a specific time:
I’ve been playing the piano since I was five.
It’s the hottest summer since records began.
Note that when you talk about how long something has continued up to the present time or the time you are talking about, you need to use a perfect form of the verb:
I’ve known her since 1995.
I know her since 1995.
I knew her since 1995.
If you want to ask someone questions about the length of time something has existed or been happening, the most common way is to use How long …? with a perfect tense:
How long have you lived here?
How long had they known about the document?
Unlike for, since can also be used as an adverb, usually at the end of a sentence.
I met him at Jake’s party, but I haven’t seen him since.
To emphasize that a situation hasn’t changed over a period of time, we often say ever since:
She came to visit us in May, and she’s been here ever since.
He’s been grumpy ever since he arrived.
The word ago is used to say how long before the present something happened. It always comes at the end of the sentence or clause:
She called me about an hour ago.
Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.
To talk about a period of time from its beginning to its end, we use from … to
He worked for the company from 2011 to 2014.
The course runs from May to July.
So if you’ve been struggling with these words for a long time, perhaps since you started learning Engish, which could be many years ago, I hope they will be clearer now!
Reblogged this on StatsLife.
Thank you for your explanation!It always is interesting to learn some details concerning grammar.However,there is a sentence as the follows:
‘She had lived alone ever since her husband died.’
I can not agree with the structure of this sentence.My understanding is that the sentence should be built like this:
‘She had lived alone ever since her husband had died.’Otherwise,tense egreement rules are not followed.Could you clarify this point,please?
Hi Konstantin. I’m not sure where you read that sentence, but it is fine, though yours is possible too. In the first, the writer is probably thinking of the death as a one-off occurrence in the past. In the second, there is more emphasis on the fact that this happened at a time before the narration began. Past perfect sounds a little clumsy, so we tend to use it only when it is really needed and to try to avoid using it too many times in one sentence.
Thank you a lot!I liked it very much!
Very good explanation. Thank you very much. Quick question: Could we also use “from… through” instead of “from… to” to talk about a period of time from its beginning to its end?
Not in British English, but I believe it is fine in American English.
Clearer than before, thanks so much.
Thanks so much.
Lovely information, thank you so much!
Hello! I have a question. What is grammatically incorrect: this man can’t be mister ox, he died some time ago OR this man can’t be mister ox he died a little time ago?
The first one sounds more natural. ‘Some time ago’ is quite a fixed phrase. The second one isn’t wrong, but it sounds a bit formal and slightly odd.
I love your explanations and learn a lot from them. Thank you so much.
Happy New Year to all.
Hi. I am a little bit confused on this sentence. I have been working there since 3 years ago. Is it incorrect?
No, I’m afraid not. We don’t usually use since or for with ago – just use one of them in the sentence. I think what you want to say it: I have been working there for 3 years. (You can also say: I started working there 3 years ago. Or: I’ve been working there since 20014.
Thanks very for such explanation but i need your help about these sentences;
Our school has not organised any trip for two years.{End….ago}
*Our school last organised a tour two years ago.
*Our school organised a tour two years ago.
Which one is more correct?,thank you.
The first one is not correct. You would need to say ‘has not organised a trip’ or ‘has not organised any trips’. The second one is correct if you want to emphasise that it has been a long time since the last tour. The third one is also correct and has no implication about whether two years is a long time to not have a tour or not.
Hello Ms WALTER. Thanks for such a meaningful work. Your answer to Tr.Criscent’s question draws my attention on a similar sentence I was about to use as an example in a lesson: “Peter hasn’t scored any goal since the competition started.” Is this sentence fine or should I say, “Peter hasn’t scored any goals since the competition started.”?
What is the difference between the two sentences? When do we use singular or plural after “any”?
Thank you and have a nice day.
You always need either a plural or an uncountable noun after ‘any’, so only your second sentence is correct.